Thursday, 16 April 2015

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Wi-Fi

Just like everything else in the world, Wi-Fi has its set of advantages and disadvantages. Below is a low down of how Wi-Fi may or may not work for you.

The biggest thing that attracts people to Wi-Fi is that one can find a wireless connection almost everywhere, in larger cities at least. This aspect makes mobile computing a reality.

Aside from that, one can connect to a Wi-Fi network for free or for a minimal fee. There are coffee shops and restaurants that offer this connection to their patrons in exchange for a minimum purchase.

Also, there are cities and municipalities where Wi-Fi is offered for free. This service is often offered by local governments although sometimes they also work with
broadband providers to create the infrastructure for this.

Then there’s Wi-Fi’s downside. First of all, its range is very limited. Unless an area has several hotspots, one has to be as near the source of the signal as possible. Otherwise, the connection would be terrible.

Even the next generation of IEEE802.11 protocol, the 802.11n, can only offer a range of 250 m outdoors.

There are also security concerns regarding the use of public Wi-Fi networks. Since these networks are intentionally or unintentionally unsecure, malicious users can sniff the data of other people sent and received by others in the network and use it for criminal purposes such as identity theft.

But this can be addressed by having an antivirus program and a firewall installed on an individual’s computer.

Municipal Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is becoming a more and more popular way for people toaccess the internet in public. This is especially the case in larger cities where one can connect to the internet
through a Wi-Fi service offered by commercial establishments and in public areas.

But lately, another entity has also begun providing wireless internet access to people which is the local government.

This broadband service brought by an area’s local government is popularly known as municipal Wi-Fi. The local government may shoulder the service fully or partially,
depending on the set-up that they choose.

For services fully-operated by the city government or the municipality, they use taxpayers’ money to build the infrastructure to build a citywide wireless network. Or
they could also provide this service for a minimal fee to the consumers.

Meanwhile, governments can also outsource this and avail of the services of a private company. The company will be responsible for building the infrastructure as well as its
maintenance.

The good thing about local governments providing wireless internet access is that it enables everyone with the right tools (e.g. a Wi-Fi enabled laptop or PDA) to get to the
internet for free. Aside from that, the government itself can use this service in connecting the computers of their offices wirelessly.

However, this can also spell bad news to other broadband providers because giving out internet access for free is something that they cannot afford. Also, this kind of
set-up discourages the same providers from partnering with local governments because of its lack of a clear source of income.

The IEEE802.11 Standard and Its Protocols

It was in 1997 when the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) created the standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs).

The standard became known as IEEE802.11, with the 802.11 coming from the name of the group who oversaw its development. Under this standard are several protocols
developed over the years.

Below is a list of them.

1. 802.11

- also known as the Legacy protocol, this is the original protocol created in 1997. It operates at 2.4 GHz and has a data rate of 1 and 2 Mbit/s. Its range was limited to 20 m
and 100 m, in indoor and outdoor settings, respectively.

2. 802.11a

- was released in 1999. It operates at 5 GHz to move away from the 2.4 GHz operating frequency of the Legacy. Its range only offers a slight improvement from its predecessor
with a range of 35 m indoors and 120 m outdoors. It is, however, fast with a data rate of 54 Mbit/s.

3. 802.11b

- also released in 1999. Just like the Legacy, it operates at 2.4 GHz. It has a slightly greater range than the 802.11a, but is slower. The b only has a data rate of 11 Mbit/s.

4. 802.11g

- marries the characteristics of the a and the b. It has a data rate of 54 Mbit/s like a and has the same range as the b with 38 m indoors and 140 m outdoors. It was released in
2003.

5. 802.11n

- is set to be released on June 2009. It can operate on either 2.4 or 5 GHz frequencies. It is fast with a data rate of 248 Mbit/s and has an indoor range of 70 m and up to 250 m outdoors.

How to Connect to a Wireless Network

Although Wi-Fi is becoming a popular way of connecting to the internet, not everyone has caught on with this type of technology yet.

It is therefore not surprising that a task such as connecting to a wireless network, which is a routine task for those already familiar with it, can be quite confusing
for those doing it for the first time.

Below is a list of things that one needs to have or do to connect to a wireless network.

1. Have a Wi-Fi enabled computer, mobile phone or PDA. This is the primary requirement in being able to connect to a wireless network.

If you’re planning to buy those items and wish to use them in wirelessly browsing the internet, check first if they are capable of doing that.

Most laptops are already Wi-Fi ready, however, mobile phone manufacturers have yet to make this a standard feature in their products.

2. When prompted, choose which wireless network you want to connect to. Newer computers automatically detect wireless networks that are within range.

They also indicate whether or not a particular network is secure or not. Just choose your preferred network and you’ll be online in no time at all.

3. Have security software installed on your computer. This is important because most public Wi-Fi networks are unsecure thus exposing your computer to risks such as
viruses and Trojans.

So make sure that you have an antivirus program and firewall software before joining a public network.

Commercial vs. Free Hotspots

Wherever Wi-Fi hotspots are available, users usually have to choose between two options: either connect to a paid connection or free one.

Free hotspots are more popular because not only do commercial establishments provide this but also users at home who have wireless connections and who wittingly or
unwittingly share their connection.

The main attraction in free hotspots is that, well, they are free. What one has to do is simply connect to that network and browse the day away.

Aside from that, there are groups that believe in sharing their bandwidth with others. They say that since they do not maximize their bandwidth anyway, they might as well let
others jump into their connection too.

But free hotspots have their share of problems. They are usually unsecure which enables anyone with the right software to sniff the data sent by other people on the
network. It can be a breeding ground for hackers and identity thieves.

Meanwhile, there’s the alternative of having paid Wi-Fi connections. This type of hotspot can usually be found in airports. This mainly caters to business travellers who need to connect to the internet even at the airport.

The good thing with this option is that it is more secure because of several measures made by airports in ensuring the privacy of data over the network.

But the data isn’t completely secure. They are still logged, by airports for example, for purposes of having usage records that law enforcement agencies require in monitoring criminal activity.

Where to Find Wi-Fi Hotspots

The Wi-Fi hotspot is nothing short of a phenomenon forwireless computing. Since it made the internet publicly available, this technology enabled laptops to be truly mobile computers.

While not every country has picked up on this technology yet, there are several major cities and areas in the world where it has been adapted. Below is a list of some of the typical places where you can find Wi-Fi hotspots.

1. Coffee shops
- have gained popularity as places where people can meet and have a good cup of coffee. But today, coffee shops have now also become hubs for internet users. The good thing here is that, they offer free and unlimited internet connection to their patrons usually by just making a minimum purchase.

2. Hotels
- more and more hotels offer this service which is mainly geared towards business travellers. They can be accessed in hotel rooms and lobbies. The only downside here is that they are usually paid separately from the room rates and
can be quite expensive.

3. Airports
- Wi-Fi hotspots can now be found in major international airports. This is also mainly geared towards business travellers who may want to check their e-mail just before
boarding the plane.

While hotspots are great places to get free internet connection, people should also be aware that most of them are unsecure.

It means that the data that anyone sends through the network may be read by hackers and could be used for criminal activities such as identity theft. Users can protect themselves by not visiting websites that require sensitive information when connected to unsecure networks.








What You Need to Connect to Wi-Fi Hotspots

Most modern laptops, mobile phones and tablet are Wi-Fi enabled which makes them easier to use in Wi-Fi hotspots without modifying the software and hardware of their
gadget.

But for those that are not equipped with the needed tools to connect to a hotspot, here are some things that they should have in order to do so.

1. Wireless adapter

- this is the primary requirement in being able to connect to a hotspot. The wireless adapter is the one that transmits data to and from the computer.

Again, most modern laptops are equipped with this. But for those without an adapter, they can buy a wireless card or even a USB adapter as an add-on.

2. Have the same IEEE802.11 protocol as the hotspot

- IEEE802.11 is a standard used by Wi-Fi. Under this are different protocols that address specific wireless networking needs such as speed and range. Although modern wireless adapters are backward compatible, meaning they can handle new as well as old protocols, older ones may have problems connecting to hotspots using a protocol different from what they use.

Therefore one has to make sure that either his/her laptop is compatible to the one used by the hotspot, or get a laptop that supports different protocols to connect to different hotspots easily.

3. A good location in order to connect to a hotspot

- one also has to be within the hotspot’s range. The rule of thumb when connecting to a hotspot is that the closer one is to the source, the better. Laptops usually indicate the signal strength so finding a good range should be easy.







The History of Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a relatively new type of technology that is just starting to attract a wide following worldwide. Some consider it to be one of the most significant innovations
in technology since the internet came to the mainstream.

Because of it, computers are now able to connect to the internet and to other computers wirelessly.

The precursor of today’s Wi-Fi was developed sometime in the early 1990s by the Netherlands-based company NCR Corporation/AT&T (which later became known as Lucent & Agere Systems). Called WaveLAN, it was originally intended to be used in cash registers.

Several competing standards prevented the immediate success of having wireless networks. However, with the development of the IEEE 802.11 standard and the release of its first protocol in 1997, this technology slowly but surely came
into the mainstream.

Since then, several protocols were released and several more will be released to address issues such as range and speed.

The first protocol released in 1997, now known as the Legacy mode, operated in the 2.4 GHz frequency. The throughput and data rate are slow by today’s standards, with only 0.9 and 2 Mbit/s, respectively. 802.11 a and b came two years later in 1999 with the a protocol offering faster speeds while the b provided a wider range.

The elements of the two were later merged in 2003 when the 802.11g protocol was released. The new protocol offered the speed of the a and the range of the b.

Newer protocols are currently under development. The n, set released by mid-2009 provides greater speeds and almost double the range of the a/b/g protocols. Another one, the 802.11y, is set to be released in mid-2008 has the same speed as the g protocol although the y has an outdoor range of as much as 5 kilometers.






What is Wi-Fi and What are Wi-Fi Hotspots?

Wi-Fi has been the buzzword among techies and the not-so-techie people alike for quite some time now. And while that is the case, not everyone knows exactly what it
means and what it stands for.

For starters, Wi-Fi is a brand of wireless technology that is owned by the group called the Wi-Fi Alliance.

The group’s aim is to improve the interoperability of wireless local area network (WLAN) products by following the IEEE 802.11 standards.

This technology is usually used by mobile computers although more and more mobile phones and tablet are designed to be Wi-Fi-enabled. As a wireless network, Wi-Fi does away with the Ethernet cables that used to connect one computer to another as well as one computer to the internet.

Another jargon in the wireless LAN community is called the Wi-Fi hotspot, simply known as hotspot. A hotspot is any public area that offers free or paid wireless internet connection.

Some of them cover only a small area (e.g. hotel lobbies), while there are those that cover an entire city (e.g. municipal hotspots).

While having hotspots has made cheap and even free internet connection possible, there are also security issues that accompany this technology.

Some hotspots are intentionally or unintentionally unsecured so that any data sent over the network is unencrypted. Because of this, malicious users can sniff (i.e. monitor) data sent by others who are in the same network.

But several solutions such as having a Virtual Private Network (VPN) are available, although they not widely used because of the costs of implementing them.







WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO IMPROVE YOUR SELF?

Sometimes, when all our doubts, fears and insecurities wrap ourselves up, we always come up with the idea of “I wish I was somebody else.”  More often than not, we think and believe that someone or rather, most people are better than us.- when in reality, the fact is, most people are more scared than us.

You spot a totally eye-catching girl sitting by herself at a party, casually sipping on a glass of Asti Spumanti. You think to yourself, “she looks so perfectly calm and confident.” But if you could read thru her transparent mind, you would see a bunch of clouds of thoughts and you might just be amazed that she’s thinking “are people talking about why I am seated here alone?... Why don’t guys find me attractive? …I don’t like my ankles, they look too skinny… I wish I was as intelligent as my best friend.”

We look at a young business entrepreneur and say “Wooh… what else could he ask for?” He stares at himself at the mirror and murmur to himself, “I hate my big eyes… I wonder why my friends won’t talk to me… I hope mom and dad would still work things out.”

Isn’t it funny? We look at other people, envy them for looking so outrageously perfect and wish we could trade places with them, while they look at us and thinks of the same thing. We are insecure of other people who themselves are insecure of us. We suffer from low self-esteem, lack of self-confidence and lose hope in self improvement because we are enveloped in quiet desperation.

Sometimes, you notice that you have an irritating habit like biting off your finger nails, having a foul mouth, and you – of all people, is the last to know.

I have a friend who never gets tired of talking. And in most conversations, she is the only one who seems to be interested in the things she has to say. So all of our other friends tend to avoid the circles whenever she’s  around, and she doesn’t notices how badly she became socially handicapped – gradually affecting the people in her environment.

One key to self improvement is to LISTEN and TALK to a trusted friend. Find someone who you find comfort in opening up with even the most gentle topics you want to discuss. Ask questions like “do you think I am ill-mannered?”,  “Do I always sound so argumentative?”,  “Do I talk too loud?”,  “Does my breath smell?”,  “Do I ever bore you when were together?”.  In this way, the other person will obviously know that you are interested in the process of self improvement. Lend her your ears for comments and criticisms and don’t give her answers like “Don’t exaggerate! That’s just the way I am!”  Open up your mind and heart as well. And in return, you may want to help your friend with constructive criticism that will also help her improve her self.

One of Whitney Houston’s songs says “Learning to love yourself is the greatest love of all.” True enough. In order to love others, you must love yourself too. Remember, you cannot give what you do not have.

Before telling other people some ways on how to improve themselves, let them see that you yourself is a representation and a product of self improvement. Self improvement makes us better people, we then inspire other people, and then the rest of the world will follow.

Stop thinking of yourselves as second-rate beings. Forget the repetitive thought of “If only I was richer… if only I was thinner” and so on.  Accepting your true self is the first step to self improvement. We need to stop comparing ourselves to others only to find out at the end that we’ve got  10 more reasons to envy them.

We all have our insecurities. Nobody is perfect. We always wish we had better things, better features, better body parts, etc. But life need not to be perfect for people to be happy about themselves.Self improvement and loving yourself is not a matter of shouting to the whole world that you are perfect and you are the best. It’s the virtue of acceptance and contentment. When we begin to improve ourselves, we then begin to feel contented and happy.

UNLOCK YOUR SELF IMPROVEMENT POWER

When we look at a certain object, a painting for example – we won’t be able to appreciate what’s in it, what is painted and what else goes with it  if the painting is just an inch away from our face. But if we try to take it a little further, we’ll have a clearer vision of the whole art work.

We reach a point in our life when we are ready for change and a whole bunch of information that will help us unlock our self improvement power. Until then, something can be staring us right under our nose but we don’t see it.  The only time we think of unlocking our self improvement power is when everything got worst. Take the frog principle for example –

Try placing Frog A in a pot of boiling water. What happens? He twerps! He jumps off! Why? Because he is not able to tolerate sudden change in his environment – the water’s temperature. Then try Frog B: place him in a luke warm water, then turn the gas stove on. Wait til the water reaches a certain boiling point. Frog B then thinks “Ooh… it’s a bit warm in here”.

People are like Frog B in general. Today, Anna thinks Carl hates her. Tomorrow, Patrick walks up to her and told her he hates her. Anna stays the same and doesn’t mind her what her friends says. The next day, she learned that Kim and John also abhors her. Anna doesn’t realize at once the importance and the need for self improvement until the entire community hates her.

We learn our lessons when we experience pain. We finally see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and tough. When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our jeans and shirts would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth has fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. When do we pray and ask for help? When we realize that we’re gonna die tomorrow.

The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self improvement power is when the whole world is crashing and falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change. But change becomes more painful when we ignore it.

Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to experience different turning points in our life – and we are all going to eventually unlock our self improvement power not because the world says so, not because our friends are nagging us, but because we realized its for our own good.

Happy people don’t just accept change, they embrace it. Now, you don’t have to feel a tremendous heat before realizing the need for self improvement.  Unlocking your self improvement power means unlocking yourself up in the cage of thought that “its just the way I am”. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear and resist change. Most of us program our minds like computers.

Jen repeatedly tells everyone that she doesn’t have the guts to be around groups of people. She heard her mom, her dad, her sister, her teacher tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jen believes. She believes its her story. And what happens? Every time a great crowd would troop over their house, in school, and in the community – she tends to step back, shy away and lock herself up in a room. Jen didn’t only believed in her story, she lived it.

Jen has to realize that she is not what she is in her story. Instead of having her story post around her face for everyone to remember, she has to have the spirit and show people “I am an important person and I should be treated accordingly!”

Self improvement may not be everybody’s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different point of view, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result to a healthier life, reading books instead of looking at porns will shape up a more profound knowledge, going out with friends and peers will help you take a step back from work and unwind.  And just when you are enjoying the whole process of unlocking your self improvement power, you’ll realize that you’re beginning to take things light and become happy.

Categories

Pages